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- X-15, WORLD'S FIRST HYPERSONIC RESEARCH AIRCRAFT
-
- The X-15 was a small rocket-powered aircraft, 50 feet long with a wingspan of
- 22 feet. It had a conventional fuselage, but an unusual wedge-shaped vertical
- tail, thin stubby wings and unique side fairings that extended along the
- fuselage. The X-15 weighed about 14,000 pounds empty and approximately 34,000
- pounds at launch. The rocket engine, which was controlled by the pilot, was
- capable of developing 60,000 pounds of thrust.
-
- The X-15 research aircraft was developed to provide inflight information and
- data on aero-thermodynamics, aerodynamics, structures, flight controls and the
- physiological aspects of high-speed, high-altitude flight. A follow-on program
- utilized the aircraft as a testbed to carry various scientific experiments
- beyond the Earth's atmosphere on a repeated basis.
-
- For flight in the dense air of the usable atmosphere, the X-15 utilized
- conventional aerodynamic controls. For flight outside of the appreciable
- Earth's atmosphere, the X-15 used a ballistic control system. Eight hydrogen
- peroxide thrust rockets, located on the nose of the aircraft controlled pitch
- and yaw. Four other rockets were located on the wings for roll control.
-
- Because of the rapid fuel consumption, the X-15 was air-launched from under the
- wing of a B-52 aircraft at 45,000 feet at a speed of about 500 miles per hour.
- Depending on the mission and engine throttle setting, the rocket engine
- provided thrust for the first 80 to 120 seconds of flight. The remainder of
- the normal 10-11 minute flight was powerless and ended with a 200 mile-per-hour
- glide landing.
-
- Usually, one of two types of X-15 flight profiles were flown: a high-altitude
- flight plan that called for the pilot to climb steeply after launch or a speed
- profile that called for the pilot to push over and maintain a level altitude.
- First flown June 8, 1959, the three X-15 aircraft made 199 powered flights,
- concluding with the last flight on Oct. 24, 1968. Flight maximums of 354,200
- feet in altitude and a speed of 4,520 miles per hour were obtained.
-
- The airframe manufacturer was North American Rockwell, Inc. Thiokol Chemical
- Corp. manufactured the power plant. The program was a joint NASA-USAF-USN
- effort.
-
- Three X-15 aircraft were built. The number 1 aircraft now is displayed in the
- Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. Aircraft number
- 2 is on display at the Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
- Ohio. The third aircraft was destroyed in a fatal accident in November 1967.
-
- Total cost of the X-15 program, including development of the three aircraft,
- was about $300 million.
-